{"id":8309,"date":"2025-05-29T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-05-29T04:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cog.ca\/?post_type=content_library&#038;p=8309"},"modified":"2026-01-13T14:06:41","modified_gmt":"2026-01-13T19:06:41","slug":"learning-series-leveraging-plant-microbe-synergy-for-growing-healthier-crops","status":"publish","type":"content_library","link":"https:\/\/cog.ca\/fr\/content_library\/learning-series-leveraging-plant-microbe-synergy-for-growing-healthier-crops\/","title":{"rendered":"ROO Learning Series: Leveraging Plant-Microbe Synergy for Growing Healthier Crops"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Join Jo Tobias as she explores the intricate ways that plants and microbes have co-evolved in a mutualistic relationship to promote nutrient cycling and increase soil health. This resource is derived from a session from the 2025 Regenerative Organic Oats (ROO) Virtual Learning Series, which is a winter webinar series for ROO participants to gain expert knowledge about regenerative organic practices.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This resource package contains the video, audio, slide deck, and curated notes from the session on \u00ab\u00a0Leveraging Plant-Microbe Synergy for Growing Healthier Crops\u00a0\u00bb with Jo Tobias.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-eup-blocks-accordion\"><div class=\"eup-folded-content accordion\" data-aria-accordion=\"\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-eup-blocks-fold-item eup-fold-toggle\" data-fold-toggle=\"\">Leveraging Plant-Microbe Synergy for Growing Healthier Crops: Video <\/div><div class=\"eup-fold-panel\" data-fold-content=\"\">\n<p>Watch \u00ab\u00a0Leveraging Plant-Microbe Synergy for Growing Healthier Crops\u00a0\u00bb with Jo Tobias here:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Learning Series: Leveraging Plant Microbe Synergy for Growing Healthier Crops\" width=\"1778\" height=\"1000\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/0jX-8JlSk6Q?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-eup-blocks-fold-item eup-fold-toggle\" data-fold-toggle=\"\">Leveraging Plant-Microbe Synergy for Growing Healthier Crops: Audio<\/div><div class=\"eup-fold-panel\" data-fold-content=\"\">\n<p>Here is an audio version of the session for listening on the go. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/cog.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/EXT_COG_Leveraging-Plant-Microbe-Synergy-for-Growing-Healthier-Crops_Regenerative-Organic-Hub-1.mp3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">click here to listen to the audio<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-eup-blocks-fold-item eup-fold-toggle\" data-fold-toggle=\"\">Leveraging Plant-Microbe Synergy for Growing Healthier Crops: Slide Deck<\/div><div class=\"eup-fold-panel\" data-fold-content=\"\">\n<p>Here is the slide deck used in Jo Tobias&rsquo;s presentation on \u00ab\u00a0Leveraging Plant-Microbe Synergy for Growing Healthier Crops\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/cog.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/COG_Leveraging-Plant-Microbe-Synergy-for-Growing-Healthier-Crops_Slides_Regenerative-Organic-Hub.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Click here to view the slide deck<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-eup-blocks-fold-item eup-fold-toggle\" data-fold-toggle=\"\">Leveraging Plant-Microbe Synergy for Growing Healthier Crops: Curated Notes<\/div><div class=\"eup-fold-panel\" data-fold-content=\"\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading is-style-h6\">Introduction<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Root Shoot Soils specializes in regenerative soil management and living compost to restore degraded landscapes and improve soil health. Since 2015, Jo has worked with farmers across British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, and Ontario to help land stewards develop a deeper connection to their soil through microbial activity, nutrient cycling, and decomposition. Well-managed compost is a key tool for kickstarting ecological processes, reducing synthetic inputs, and improving long-term soil fertility. Jo has a background in computing science and software development, applying data analysis and systems-thinking to agriculture, leading to a transition into permaculture and soil ecology. For Jo, a<br>visit to her family in the Philippines was a pivotal moment, revealing the negative effects of the Green Revolution:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Hybridized rice cultivars required heavy fertilizer and pesticide use, displacing traditional farming methods and heirloom rice varieties.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Farmers became dependent on chemical inputs, impacting long-term soil health.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Soil ecosystems operate in a complex web of life, where microbial communities, organic matter, and plant interactions shape soil health. Soil ecology tells a different story \u2013 one of life, death, interconnectedness, and symbiosis \u2013 emphasizing the need for regenerative practices.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Understanding Soil as an Ecosystem<\/h6>\n\n\n\n<p>Soil is not just dirt; it is a living ecosystem that supports plant, microbial, and animal life. Soil is an ecosystem, a community of living organisms merged with the non-living components, acting as a system. Soil consists of three main components:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Solids \u2013 mineral matter, including sand, silt, and clay, as well as organic matter and living biota.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Liquids \u2013 water that moves through the pore spaces, transporting nutrients.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Gases \u2013 air that circulates in the soil, providing oxygen to organisms and roots.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Pore spaces within soil regulate air and water movement, supporting root penetration and microbial activity. Water plays a critical role:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Enters the soil, filling pore spaces and transporting nutrients like a highway system.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Drains out, allowing air to replace it, ensuring oxygen for aerobic organisms and plant roots.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>A well-structured soil system supports sustained microbial communities and nutrient cycling. Soil health is driven by biology, as microbial interactions regulate decomposition and fertility.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Living Organisms<\/h6>\n\n\n\n<p>These are the key groups of living organisms in soil:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Bacteria<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Fungi<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Algae<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Roots<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Protozoa<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nematodes<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Microarthropods<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Earthworms<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Beetles<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ants<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Millipedes<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The soil food web is a complex relationship between diverse fauna and flora found in soil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Defining Soil Health<\/h6>\n\n\n\n<p>Healthy soil supports the entire food web, retaining nutrients, filtering water, suppressing diseases, and fostering biodiversity. Soil health is defined as the continued capacity of soil to function as a vital living ecosystem that sustains plants, animals, and humans (USDA-NRCS, 2012). The principles of soil health are:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Know your context: Soil health is different in every location.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Keep the soil covered: Bare soil is vulnerable to erosion and degradation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Keep living roots in the soil: Living roots sustain microbial life.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Minimize soil disturbance: Tillage disrupts microbial communities.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Plant diversity encourages soil biodiversity: Different plants support different microbes.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Integrate animals: Grazing and manure contribute to soil fertility.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The missing principle: restore and sustain a thriving soil food web to maintain long-term soil function.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Current State of Agriculture<\/h6>\n\n\n\n<p>Agricultural soils are now bacterial-dominated due to long-term intensive management. The loss of fungal biomass, soil organisms, and habitat complexity has weakened soil ecosystems. The causes of soil biodiversity loss are:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Fast-growing plant selection reducing organic matter diversity.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Simplified organic inputs limiting food sources for microbes.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tillage and soil disturbance breaking fungal networks and compact soil.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Fertilizers inhibiting fungi, shifting microbial balance toward bacteria.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Phosphate fertilizers suppressing mycorrhizae, reducing nutrient uptake.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Can soil health be restored?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Recovery is a slow, long term process, as many soils have been intensively managed for 50+ years.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nine years of low-input farming may be needed before microbial balance improves.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Some fungal species may take 30+ years to return after stopping intensive management.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Restore, Sustain, Thrive<\/h6>\n\n\n\n<p>Why is it important to restore and sustain a thriving soil food web?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Retaining and cycling nutrients to support plant growth.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Water \u2013 regulation, storage, and purification.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Disease and pest management.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Toxin decomposition (bioremediation).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Supporting the production of food, feed, fiber, and fuel.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Rhizosphere<\/h6>\n\n\n\n<p>Lorenz Hiltner (1904) first described the rhizosphere as the region of soil surrounding plant roots. It<br>serves as an interface between plants, soil, and microbes. The size of the rhizosphere varies depending on plant species. It is a complex environment supporting a dense microbial community. More active and diverse microbial communities exist closer to the root zone compared to bulk soil. Microbial communities can also vary at different root locations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Rhizodeposits<\/h6>\n\n\n\n<p>Rhizodeposition refers to root deposits released into the surrounding soil. Root deposits are<br>classified based on:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Chemical structure<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Mode of release<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Function<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Root border cells detach from the root cap but remain viable in the soil. These cells survive in the<br>soil, secreting enzymes and proteins. Over 90% of root border cells remain alive after detachment.<br>Studies on field maize show that border cells remain alive for several days after detachment. The<br>number of root border cells released varies by plant species:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Peas: 4,000 \u2013 21,000 cells per day<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cotton: 8,000 \u2013 10,000 cells per day<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Field mustard: 0 cells per day<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Root border cells help engineer the root\u2019s microbial ecology. They reduce friction at root tips by<br>secreting mucilage and enhance plant defense by secreting antimicrobial compounds. Root exudation is a strategy plants use to survive and adapt to their environment. Plants can modify exudate composition to selectively encourage specific microbial communities in the rhizosphere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Phyllosphere<\/h6>\n\n\n\n<p>The phyllosphere refers to the above-ground surfaces of plants, including leaves, stems, flowers,<br>fruits, and seeds. Different plant parts create distinct microbial habitats:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Anthosphere = flowers<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Caulosphere = stems<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Carposphere = fruits<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Phylloplane = leaves<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Spermosphere = seeds<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The phyllosphere hosts a diverse array of microorganisms, influenced by environmental conditions, plant species, and surface properties. Microbes in the phyllosphere can contribute to plant health, helping with stress tolerance and disease suppression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Biological Inoculants: Compost, Compost Extracts, and Teas<\/h6>\n\n\n\n<p>Bio-inoculants are beneficial microbial inputs used to enhance soil health and plant resilience. The<br>types of bio-inoculants are:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Compost: provides a diverse community of microorganisms to restore biological activity in the soil.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Compost extracts: contain soluble nutrients and microorganisms that help boost soil microbial life.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Compost teas: actively brewed solutions designed to multiply beneficial microbes before application.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Restore Soil Microbiome<\/h6>\n\n\n\n<p>The goal is to restore the soil microbiome by increasing beneficial microbial populations. Compost<br>extracts and teas are tools used to bring life back into the soil. Compost extract is made by extracting microbes, soluble nutrients, and organic compounds from high-quality compost. Compost tea is brewed to multiply beneficial organisms, creating an active microbial solution for soil and plant application. Both compost extract and compost tea improve microbial balance, support plant health, and enhance nutrient cycling. Proper application methods ensure that microbial communities establish and function effectively in the soil. Monitoring microbial activity over time is critical to assess progress and make necessary adjustments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Power of Compost<\/h6>\n\n\n\n<p>Compost is a tool for soil restoration, not the end-all solution. It is essential to introduce microbes<br>into the soil, whether through livestock, compost, or other organic inputs. High-quality, biodiverse<br>compost is one of the most effective ways to restore soil health. Biologically-rich and diverse<br>compost production is critical for supporting microbial life.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Liquid Bio-Blends<\/h6>\n\n\n\n<p>The quality of compost extracts and teas depends on the quality of the base compost. Water acts<br>as a carrier for microorganisms, ensuring they reach plant roots and soil surfaces effectively. The<br>advantages of liquid bio blends are:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Immediate nutrient availability.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Flexible application methods.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cost-effective.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Customizable recipes<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Compost Extract vs. Compost Tea<\/h6>\n\n\n\n<p>Compost extract:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Quick to make (5 minutes to 1 hour depending on concentration preference).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Soil application.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>No foods added at the start, but can be added prior to soil application.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Microbes do not grow in the solution.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>An effective means to get beneficial organisms into the rhizosphere.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Soil organic matter level must be \u2265 5%.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nearly fool-proof.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Compost tea:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Takes at least 24 hours to make.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Primarily a foliar application, though some exceptions allow soil application.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Requires microbial supplements at the start of the process.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Microbes are activated and grown in the solution.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Used to prevent disease-causing organisms or re-inoculate the phyllosphere.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Can be used in soil with organic matter levels \u2264 3% (foods added and dead organism bodies act as organic matter).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Easy to mess up.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Case Study: Stonecroft Farm<\/h6>\n\n\n\n<p>Stonecroft Farm is a mixed farming operation focused on soil regeneration through biological<br>management. The transition to microbial-driven nutrient cycling has been key to reducing synthetic<br>inputs and improving soil function. Compost is a key component of the transition, providing a biologically-rich amendment to increase soil microbial diversity and improve soil structure. The<br>composting process incorporates a mix of manure, woody material, and crop residues, ensuring a<br>balanced carbon-to-nitrogen ratio for microbial activity. Field and microbiology results:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Increased soil microbial diversity, leading to better nutrient cycling and organic matter decomposition.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Significant improvements in soil structure, with better aggregation, increased water retention, and reduced ponding.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Shifts in plant communities, with more diversity and fewer problem weeds, indicating enhanced soil fertility and biological balance.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/cog.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/COG_Leveraging-Plant-Microbe-Synergy-for-Growing-Healthier-Crops_Curated-Notes_Regenerative-Organic-Hub-2.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">click here to access the \u00ab\u00a0easy print\u00a0\u00bb version<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Join Jo Tobias as she explores the intricate ways that plants and microbes have co-evolved in a mutualistic relationship to promote nutrient cycling and increase soil health.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"","library_category":[91,89],"library_language":[85],"library_tag":[86],"library_type":[175,106,105,87],"sample_type":[],"test_location":[],"test_type":[],"class_list":["post-8309","content_library","type-content_library","status-publish","hentry","library_category-biodiversity-community-dynamics-diversity","library_category-mineral-nutrient-cycle","library_language-english","library_tag-resource-library","library_type-audio","library_type-presentation","library_type-printable-document","library_type-video"],"better_featured_image":null,"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>ROO Learning Series: Leveraging Plant-Microbe Synergy for Growing Healthier Crops - Cultivons Biologique Canada<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/cog.ca\/content_library\/learning-series-leveraging-plant-microbe-synergy-for-growing-healthier-crops\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"ROO Learning Series: Leveraging Plant-Microbe Synergy for Growing Healthier Crops - Cultivons Biologique Canada\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Join Jo Tobias as she explores the intricate ways that plants and microbes have co-evolved in a mutualistic relationship to promote nutrient cycling and increase soil health.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/cog.ca\/content_library\/learning-series-leveraging-plant-microbe-synergy-for-growing-healthier-crops\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Cultivons Biologique Canada\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-01-13T19:06:41+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"8 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/cog.ca\/content_library\/learning-series-leveraging-plant-microbe-synergy-for-growing-healthier-crops\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/cog.ca\/content_library\/learning-series-leveraging-plant-microbe-synergy-for-growing-healthier-crops\/\",\"name\":\"ROO Learning Series: Leveraging Plant-Microbe Synergy for Growing Healthier Crops - 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